e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Inks containing 30% acrylic acid, 30% hydroxy-propanoic acid CAS# 79-33-4, 25% bronze powder (copper CAS # 7440-50-8 and tin CAS #7440-31-5, 10% ethanol CAS # 64-17-5 and 4% white spirit.

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 702

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 702
    • CAS:
    • UN NO: 1170
    • EC NO: 200-578-6
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: CCO

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    High
    High
    Medium
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Substitution of formaldehyde as a tissue fixative Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    • Propan-2-ol (67-63-0)
    • Acetic acid (64-19-7)
    Health services Scientific research and development Embalming agent In use — France CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Substitution of N,N-dimethylformamide with ethanol in analysis of alkaline phosphatases in leukocytes. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Health services Scientific research and development Solvent Full capacity — 2005 in Sweden CMR other toxic effects ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Substitution of toluene and butan-1-ol in inks for the printing of plastic bags Used as alternative
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol (107-98-2)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Solvent Other Full capacity — 2007 Spain other toxic effects ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Substitution of epoxy resins containing naphtalene, ethylbenzene, naphta (heavy aromatic fractions) and titanium dioxide used for the painting of vehicles. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    • Ammonia, aqueous solution (1336-21-6)
    General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Dye In use — 2007 Spain CMR ED neurotoxicant
    Substitution of methanol with ethanol for use in fixation of polyacrylamide gels in analysis of proteins and DNA/RNA. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Health services Other Full capacity — Sweden other toxic effects
    Mercury Assessment and Elimination in Health Care Facilities Used as alternative
    • Tungsten (7440-33-7)
    • Dichlorozinc (7646-85-7)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Aneroide barometer instead of mercury barometers
    Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Other In use — 1999-2000 in USA neurotoxicant other toxic effects
    Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • Terpenes
    • Nitrogen (7727-37-9)
    • Sodium carbonate (497-19-8)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (526-73-8)
    Non-chemical alternative Some of the alternatives proposed in this study are non-chemical. Among the more general solutions are the reduction of unnecessary cleaning and degreasing and sometimes even a total change in production or manufacturing procedures. Other, more specific solutions included cleaning processes using inert gas and the utilization of high performance mixture heads. In paint stripping, general chemical alternatives have been proposed, these include acidic-, or alkaline stripping, pyrolysis and fluidized bed stripping.
    Scientific research and development Building and construction work General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of rubber products Solvent Partial capacity — Sweden CMR physical hazards
    Substitution of gasoline with a combination of ethanol based all-purpose cleaner and window cleaner for cleaning of medical equipment. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Note that although ethanol is listed as the alternative for this substitution, the actual alternative is an all-purpose cleaner based on ethanol. As stated in the abstract, some sort of window-cleaner is necessary in order to get a good result on glassware.
    Scientific research and development Health services Cleaning agent Full capacity — Sweden CMR physical hazards
    Substitution of formamide with sodium hydroxide and ethanol in denaturation of DNA in the preparation of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) Used as alternative
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Health services Other Full capacity CMR
    Substitution of 2-methoxyethanol with ethanol in double esterase analysis of blood samples. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Health services Scientific research and development Other Full capacity CMR
    70% ethanol as an alternative to formalin in tissue fixation Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Snap freezing
    Health services Scientific research and development Durability agent Embalming agent CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Alternative to formaldehyde in fluid preservation of biological specimens. Substituted
    • DMDM hydantoin (6440-58-0)
    Scientific research and development Embalming agent Pilot study CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Reduction of VOC emissions in windscreen washers Substituted
    • Protein
    Manufacture of fine chemicals Antioxidant Cleaning agent skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Alternative to formaldehyde as preservative in water samples Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Preservation (part) of biological samples by freezing.
    Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Scientific research and development Durability agent Embalming agent In use — France CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects physical hazards
    Alternatives for parquet adhesive products Substituted
    • Parquet adhesive
    Manufacture of wood and wood products Building and construction work Sizing agent In use — 2011 in Germany and other European countries physical hazards
    De-icing of car wind screens with aqueous potassium chloride solution Substituted
    • Potassium chloride (7447-40-7)
    Other Antifreeze agent 2012 CMR neurotoxicant physical hazards
    Shellac as alternative to bitumen in soft or hard ground etching Used as alternative
    • Shellac (9000-59-3)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Printing and reproduction of recorded media Other Other In use CMR
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description