e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Tetrachloroethylene

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 31373

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    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 31373
    • CAS: 127-18-4
    • UN NO: 1897
    • EC NO: 204-825-9
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: C(=C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
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    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Substitution of tetrachloroethylene used in dry clean systems by a professional wet clean system for the garment care industry Substituted
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Professional wet cleaning
    Other Friction agent Full capacity — 2003 USA CMR ecotoxicity
    Substitution of perchloroethylene in dry cleaners’ shops by “wet cleaning” systems. Substituted
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • Non ionic surfactants
    • Anionic surfactants
    Non-chemical alternative Wet-cleaning: a water based system.
    Other Cleaning agent Full capacity — 2008 CMR ecotoxicity
    Replacement of chlorinated hydrocarbons with the cleaning of small turned items Substituted
    • 1-Butoxypropan-2-ol (5131-66-8)
    • Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (111109-77-4)
    Non-chemical alternative A vapour degreasing unit is used in combination with a cleaner containing alternative substances.
    Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Cleaning agent In use — 2004 in Germany CMR ecotoxicity
    Substitution of tetrachloroethylene in dry clean system by liquid carbon dioxide dry cleaning in the garment care industry Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Non-chemical alternative Liquid CO2 Dry Cleaning Equipment
    Other Cleaning agent Full capacity — 2004 USA CMR ED ecotoxicity
    Alternatives to Toxic, VOC, Ozone Depleting and Global Warming Energised Electrical Equipment Cleaners Substituted
    • Acetone (67-64-1)
    • Soybean oil (8001-22-7)
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Non-chemical alternative In addition to cleaners based on soy, acetone and water, also technical solutions were evaluated and found to perform well. These include high pressure deionised water and carbon dioxide pellet blasting.
    Scientific research and development Cleaning agent Full capacity CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity
    Water-based technology to produce polyurethane and polyester/polyamide microfibers Substituted Non-chemical alternative An alternative technology allowing complete substitution and/or elimination of different organic solvents normally used in this process. Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Manufacture of wood and wood products General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Other Other Full capacity — Italy 2005 CMR ED other toxic effects ecotoxicity
    Ethyl lactate and methyl soyate as bio based alternatives to chlorinated and other petroleum based solvents Substituted
    • Ethyl L-lactate (687-47-8)
    • Soy bean methyl ester (67784-80-9)
    Other Cleaning agent Plating agent Solvent In use physical hazards neurotoxicant CMR ED skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Review of substitutes for asbestos construction products Substituted
    • Polyvinyl alcohol (9002-89-5)
    • Polypropylene (9003-07-0)
    • Cellulose (9004-34-6)
    Non-chemical alternative Softwood kraft pulp, bamboo, sisal, coir, rattan shavings and tobacco stalks with optional silica fume, fly ash, or rice husk ash, etc.
    Building and construction work Other Other In use CMR
    Alternative for per- and polyfluorinated chemicals on functional coating fabric and the phase out approach Substituted
    • Polyurethane (PU) (9009-54-5)
    • Functionalized polymers
    • Glycoles
    • Cationic surfactants
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Other In use ecotoxicity other reasons
    Alternatives to perchloroethylene vapour degreasing for plating operations Substituted
    • Acetone (67-64-1)
    Non-chemical alternative Water-based cleaners
    General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Cleaning agent 2003 in Canada CMR
    Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study Substituted Not stated Other Other
    Substitution of perchloroethylene in the cleaning of garments Substituted
    • 3,5,7-Trimethyldecane (90622-58-5)
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Cleaning agent In use — 2008 in Spain skin/respiratory sensitizing
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description