Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    Sulphur

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 5362487

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 5362487
    • CAS: 9035-99-8
    • EC NO: 231-722-6
    • SMILES: [S]

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point 444.61 °C
    Other sources (1)
    • 445 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Melting Point 106.8 °C
    As reported: MP: 106.8 °C /gamma-Sulfur/
    Other sources (3)
    • 120 °C (120 °C (amorphous)) — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 95.3 °C /(Sulfur rhombic transforms to monoclinic)/; 115.21 °C /Sulfur (monoclinic)/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Ignites in air above 261 °C, in oxygen below 260 °C, burning to the dioxide; combines readily with hydrogen; combines in the cold with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine; combines with carbon at high temperatures; reacts with silicon, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth at their melting points; combines with nearly all metals; with lithium, sodium, potassium, copper, mercury and silver in the cold on contact with the solid; with magnesium, zinc and cadmium very slightly in the cold, more readily on heating; with other metals at high temperatures. Does not react with iodine, nitrogen, tellurium, gold, platinum and iridium. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Flash Point 207 °C
    As reported: 405 °F (207 °C) (Closed cup)
    Other sources (1)
    • 160 °C (160 °C c.c.) — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Vapor Pressure 3.95X10-6 mm Hg at 30.4 °C Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Solubility For more Solubility (Complete) data for Sulfur, Elemental (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
    Other sources (6)
    • Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol, benzene, ethyl ether; soluble in carbon disulfide /Sulfur (rhombic)/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol, benzene, ethyl ether; soluble in carbon disulfide /Sulfur (monoclinic)/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Insoluble in water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol, in ether; soluble in carbon disulfide (one gram/2 mL), in toluene — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Liquid ammonia (anhydrous) dissolves 38.5% sulfur at -78 °C; acetone dissolves 2.65% at 25 °C; methylene iodide dissolves 9.1% at 10 °C; chloroform dissolves about 1.5% at 18 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Soluble in carbon disulfide, benzene, warm aniline and carbon tetrachloride, and liquid ammonia. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Solubility in water: none — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Density 2.1 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: 2.1 g/cm³
    Other sources (3)
    • 2.07 g/cu cm (Sulfur (rhombic)/; 2.00 (Sulfur (monoclinic)/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Amber-colored crystals. The stable at ordinary temperature, density: 2.06; when heated to 94.5 °C becomes opaque owing to formation of monoclinic sulfur /alpha-Sulfur/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Opaque, light- yellow, brittle, needle-like crystals; stable between 94.5 oto 120 °C. Passes slowly into the rhombic form on standing; density 1.96; mp 115.21 °C /beta-Sulfur/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    		ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives