|
Substitution of sulphuric acid with hydrochloric acid for degreasing metal before zinc and chromium plating.
|
Substituted
|
-
Hydrogen chloride
(7647-01-0)
|
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity — Summer 2011 in Denmark |
other toxic effects |
|
Neutralization of alkaline waste water with high ammonia content.
|
Substituted
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Health services Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
pH regulating agent |
Full capacity — 1990 Denmark |
ecotoxicity physical hazards |
|
Substitution of sulfochromatic mixtures
|
Substituted
|
-
Non ionic surfactants
-
Potassium hydroxide
(1310-58-3)
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
|
Scientific research and development |
Cleaning agent |
|
CMR other toxic effects neurotoxicant |
|
Alternative method for determining formaldehyde in commercial samples
|
Substituted
|
-
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
(10034-99-8)
|
Scientific research and development |
Other |
Pilot study |
skin/respiratory sensitizing CMR |
|
Propylene carbonate and supercritical carbon dioxide as alternative to sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide in semiconductors industry
|
Substituted
|
-
Propylene carbonate
(108-32-7)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment |
Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent |
In use — USA |
CMR |
|
Hydro-mechanical descaling using scales as abrasive medium as alternative to acid pickling
|
Substituted
|
Non-chemical alternative
Hydro-mechanical technology using collected scale as abrasive material
|
Manufacture of wood and wood products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment |
Abrasive |
Pilot study — 2007 |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Substituting hydrofluoric acid in gold jewellery production.
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Sulphuric acid
(7664-93-9)
Non-chemical alternative
In addition to acid treatment, scraping and polishing is used to remove plaster residues.
|
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment |
Cleaning agent |
In use — 2010 Denmark |
skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Alternative technology for the stabilization of secondary waste sludge from waste water treatment
|
Substituted
|
Non-chemical alternative
Technology with various physical processes run concomitantly or sequentially
|
Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
Solids separation (precipitating) agent |
In use |
skin/respiratory sensitizing CMR |
|
Leather treatment with a natural tanning agent made from olive leaves
|
Substituted
|
|
Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur |
Other |
In use |
CMR other reasons |
|
Substitution of sulphuric acid used for re-pulping process in a paper company
|
Substituted
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
pH regulating agent |
In use |
skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |