e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 13387

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 13387
    • CAS: 872-50-4
    • EC NO: 212-828-1
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: CN1CCCC1=O

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Low
    Medium
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
    High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Medium
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Dimethyl sulfoxide as alternative solvent Substituted Not stated Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Building and construction work Solvent In use CMR sensitizing
    Infrared paint stripper used as alternative to chemical stripping Substituted Non-chemical alternative Infrared paint stripper Building and construction work Cleaning agent In use — 2010, Romania CMR
    Facade cleaning using dry ice blasting for monument restoration in Prague Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Building and construction work Cleaning agent In use — Prague CMR
    Alternatives for polyurethane coating for drivable and slip resistant surfaces Substituted
    • Diphenylmethanediisocyanate, isomers and homologues (9016-87-9)
    Building and construction work Plating agent In use — 2010 in Germany, Austria and other European countries CMR PBT neurotoxicant ecotoxicity
    Assessment, development and demonstration of alternatives for n-methyl pyrrolidone Substituted
    • Acetone (67-64-1)
    • Benzyl alcohol (100-51-6)
    Non-chemical alternative This is a report from a project investigating the alternatives to n-methyl pyrrolidone.
    Building and construction work Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Scientific research and development Cleaning agent Full capacity — 2006 USA physical hazards skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Ethyl lactate and methyl soyate as bio based alternatives to chlorinated and other petroleum based solvents Substituted
    • Ethyl L-lactate (687-47-8)
    • Soy bean methyl ester (67784-80-9)
    Other Cleaning agent Plating agent Solvent In use physical hazards neurotoxicant CMR ED skin/respiratory sensitizing
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description