Searching, assessment, and screening system for safter alternative chemicals, SAS
| Assessment Type | Carcinogenicity | Mutagenicity | Reproductive Toxicity | Developmental Toxicity | Endocrine Disruption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Assessment Level |
High |
High |
Insufficient data
|
Insufficient data
|
Insufficient data
|
| Assessment Type | Acute Toxicity | Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose | Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose | Neurotoxicity - Single Dose | Skin Sensitization | Respiratory Sensitization | Skin Irritation | Eye Irritation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Assessment Level |
Very High |
Medium |
Insufficient data
|
Insufficient data
|
Insufficient data
|
High |
Very High |
Very High |
| Assessment Type | Acute Aquatic Toxicity | Chronic Aquatic Toxicity |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Assessment Level |
Very High |
Insufficient data
|
| Assessment Type | Persistence | Bioaccumulation |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Assessment Level |
Very High |
Insufficient data
|
| Assessment Type | Reactivity | Flammability |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard Assessment Level |
Medium |
Insufficient data
|
The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.
| Smarts | Endpoint | Source | Author | Journal |
|---|
Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:
Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Risk Level | Data Source | Notes |
|---|
| Name | CAS | Industrial Use | Safety | Notes |
|---|
Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).
| Case | Role of this chemical | Alternative | Sector | Function | Implementation | Reason for substitution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternatives to Chromic Acid Cleaners in Laboratories | Used as alternative |
|
Scientific research and development Health services Other | Cleaning agent | In use — USA | CMR ecotoxicity |
| Substitution of sulphuric acid with hydrochloric acid for degreasing metal before zinc and chromium plating. | Used as alternative |
|
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys | Cleaning agent | Full capacity — Summer 2011 in Denmark | other toxic effects |
| Neutralization of alkaline waste water with high ammonia content. | Substituted |
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Health services Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment | pH regulating agent | Full capacity — 1990 Denmark | ecotoxicity physical hazards |
| Controlled hydrodynamic cavitation as alternative to chemical biocides and antiscaling agents | Substituted | Non-chemical alternative Technological alternative using patented device for controlled hydrodynamic cavitation as active component and a filtration unit as auxiliary unit. | General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Other | Biocide | In use | skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity |
| Electro-magnetic technology for scale and bio fouling control | Substituted | Non-chemical alternative Device creating an oscillating electric field | Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment | Biocide | In use | skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity |
| Hydro-mechanical descaling using scales as abrasive medium as alternative to acid pickling | Substituted | Non-chemical alternative Hydro-mechanical technology using collected scale as abrasive material | Manufacture of wood and wood products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment | Abrasive | Pilot study — 2007 | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).
| Case Study Name | Link | Publish Date | Publishing Organization | Related Products | Description |
|---|