危害評估總覽 說明
危害診斷模組
危害診斷模組是由以下四種計算化學方法構成，所預測之毒性警示提供參考，仍須與其他資料綜合評估：
- 子結構警示
- 相似性警示
- 交叉參照
- 分類模型
| Smarts | Endpoint | Source | Author | Journal |
|---|
安全替代物
安全替代物參考目前安全替代資料庫與軟體運作邏輯，分為以下三類：
- 系統透過美國環保署 ChemView 資料庫整理各化學物工業用途，結合美國環保署更安全化學物質， 建立個別化學品安全替代物清單。化學品可能具有多個工業用途，故系統採手風琴式展開清單， 點選「建議安全替代物」標籤即可展開表格。若用途較為廣泛（例：「商業用途」），清單內可能出現 更精確之工業用途（例：「溶劑」）的安全替代物。若無資訊，可參考「依工業用途（完整清單）」進行人工篩選。
- 依工業用途區分（完整清單）。此清單為整理工業用途較安全化學物，未必可直接替代本頁化學物質。 建議使用此頁籤右上方搜尋欄過濾工業用途再行篩選，例如「抗氧化劑」。資料來源： 美國環保署更安全化學物質成分清單 Safer Chemical Ingredients List
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依結構相似性分類，需具備：
- 由結構相似性尋找具有相似官能基之化學物質（谷本相關係數 ≥ 0.8），功能可能相近。
- 由風險評估判定為較低風險之化學物質，如等級 3、等級 4，或資料不足（U）。
- 依實際案例探討。資料來源 OECD SAAT
系統依照子結構，列出風險等級為三級（可用、但可尋求更安全替代物）、四級（安全化學物質）、與資料不足（U、無足夠資料可供判別風險等級） 說明
下載：
SCIL（CSV格式）
SCIL（XLSX格式）
ZeroPM PFAS（CSV格式）
ZeroPM PFAS（XLSX格式）
SUBSPORT+ 案例替代方案（CSV格式）
SUBSPORT+ 案例替代方案（XLSX格式）
| 名稱 | CAS | 工業用途 | 安全性 | 註解 |
|---|
此化學物不在 ZeroPM PFAS 替代方案資料庫中。
SUBSPORT+ 替代案例
SUBSPORT+ 案例資料庫中與本化學物相關的實際替代案例（英文記錄）。
| 案例 | 本化學物的角色 | 替代方案 | 產業 | 功能 | 實施狀況 | 替代理由 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substitution of formaldehyde as a tissue fixative | 被替代 |
|
Health services Scientific research and development | Embalming agent | In use — France | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
| Ionic liquids for tissue fixation instead of formalin | 被替代 |
|
Health services Scientific research and development | Fixing agent (mordant) | 2003 in Poland | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
| Substitution of formaldehyde in bathroom cleaning products | 被替代 |
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) | Cleaning agent | Full capacity — 2000 in Spain | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |
| Practical guide for the substitution of hazardous chemicals by less harmful substances in industrial facilities. | 被替代 | 未說明 | Other | Other | CMR neurotoxicant skin/respiratory sensitizing physical hazards | |
| 70% ethanol as an alternative to formalin in tissue fixation | 被替代 |
|
Health services Scientific research and development | Durability agent Embalming agent | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing | |
| Substitution of formaldehyde by starch in adhesives used in the manufacture of wood particle boards | 被替代 |
|
Manufacture of wood and wood products | Dispersing agent Resins (prepolymers) Tackifier | Pilot study — 2011 en España | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |
| Alternative to formaldehyde in fluid preservation of biological specimens. | 被替代 |
|
Scientific research and development | Embalming agent | Pilot study | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
| Alternative to formaldehyde as preservative in water samples | 被替代 |
|
Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Scientific research and development | Durability agent Embalming agent | In use — France | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects physical hazards |
| Formaldehyde free preservative for starch adhesives | 被替代 |
|
Printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of furniture Building and construction work | Durability agent | In use — USA | CMR sensitizing |
| Glues from renewable resources for panel board manufacture | 被替代 | 未說明 | Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of wood and wood products Manufacture of furniture Building and construction work | Adhesion promotor | Pilot study — not yet implemented | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
| Surface treatment panels for walls and ceilings | 被替代 |
|
Manufacture of wood and wood products Building and construction work | Plating agent | In use — 2011 | CMR PBT skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity |
| Surface treatment of plywood | 被替代 |
|
Manufacture of wood and wood products Building and construction work | Plating agent | In use — 2011 | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing PBT ecotoxicity |
| Surface treatment in wood working industry | 被替代 |
|
Manufacture of wood and wood products | Plating agent | In use — 2011 | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing PBT ecotoxicity |
| Skin care products without preservatives, using “active packaging” | 被替代 | 非化學品替代 The process for manufacturing and packaging of the products, as well as the type of package has been developed to eliminate the need for preservatives. | Health services Other | Fragrance pH regulating agent UV stabilizer | Full capacity — 1970´s, Sweden | other toxic effects ecotoxicity skin/respiratory sensitizing |
| Microfiber mopping – cleaning without chemicals | 被替代 | 非化學品替代 Microfiber cleaning | Other | Cleaning agent | Full capacity — 1995, Sweden | CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |
| Metal processor changes surface polishing technology and replaces chemical emulsion | 被替代 | 非化學品替代 Metal surface grinder with a speed control system | Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment | Lubricating agent Other | In use | CMR physical hazards |
| Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study | 被替代 | 未說明 | Other | Other |
OECD SAAT 替代方案案例
OECD SAAT 案例完整清單（不隨化學物過濾）。
| 實例探討名稱 | 連結 | 發佈日期 | 發佈單位 | 相關產品 | 敘述 |
|---|