|
Neutralization of alkaline waste water with high ammonia content.
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Health services Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
pH regulating agent |
Full capacity — 1990 Denmark |
ecotoxicity physical hazards |
|
Replacement for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases and hydrocarbons with CO2 for cooling systems
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of food products Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Scientific research and development |
Refrigerants |
Full capacity — 2008, Denmark |
other reasons |
|
Use of carbon dioxide as alternative for caffeine extraction
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of food products |
Other |
In use |
CMR neurotoxicant |
|
Carbon dioxide as alternative to sterilization using ethylene oxide
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of food products |
Biocide |
In use — Germany |
CMR neurotoxicant |
|
Tea decaffeination with carbon dioxide as alternative to ethyl acetate extraction
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of food products |
Other |
In use |
physical hazards |
|
Facade cleaning using dry ice blasting for monument restoration in Prague
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Building and construction work |
Cleaning agent |
In use — Prague |
CMR |
|
Cleaning of motorbike repair parts using vegetable oil esters
|
Substituted
|
-
Fatty acid ester based on coco-oil
|
General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment |
Cleaning agent Solvent |
In use — 2004 in Germany |
other toxic effects physical hazards CMR |
|
Large cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Ammonia, anhydrous
(7664-41-7)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Building and construction work Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Other |
Refrigerants |
Full capacity |
ecotoxicity skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Extraction of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API’s) and other active organic compounds with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Health services Other |
Other |
Full capacity |
CMR physical hazards skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |
|
Propylene carbonate and supercritical carbon dioxide as alternative to sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide in semiconductors industry
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Propylene carbonate
(108-32-7)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment |
Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent |
In use — USA |
CMR |
|
Substitution of tetrachloroethylene in dry clean system by liquid carbon dioxide dry cleaning in the garment care industry
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
Non-chemical alternative
Liquid CO2 Dry Cleaning Equipment
|
Other |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity — 2004 USA |
CMR ED ecotoxicity |
|
Supercritical carbon dioxide as alternative to hexane in herbal substances extraction
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Health services Other |
Solvent Other |
Full capacity |
ED skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity PBT |
|
Alternatives to Toxic, VOC, Ozone Depleting and Global Warming Energised Electrical Equipment Cleaners
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Acetone
(67-64-1)
-
Soybean oil
(8001-22-7)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
-
Water
(7732-18-5)
Non-chemical alternative
In addition to cleaners based on soy, acetone and water, also technical solutions were evaluated and found to perform well. These include high pressure deionised water and carbon dioxide pellet blasting.
|
Scientific research and development |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity |
|
Liquefied gases as alternative to glycol containing fluids used in fog machines
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Nitrogen
(7727-37-9)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
Non-chemical alternative
Liquefied air
|
Other |
Other |
In use |
other toxic effects |
|
Environmental-friendly textile cleaning using wet cleaning or carbon dioxide
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Water
(7732-18-5)
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Other |
Other |
In use |
CMR |
|
Substitution of sulphuric acid used for re-pulping process in a paper company
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Carbon dioxide
(124-38-9)
|
Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
pH regulating agent |
In use |
skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |