e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Toluene

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 1140

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 1140
    • CAS: 108-88-3
    • UN NO: 1294
    • EC NO: 203-625-9
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: CC1=CC=CC=C1

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
    Reset


    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    Low
    High
    High
    High
    Loading
    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Medium
    Loading
    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    Medium
    Loading
    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Loading

    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    Smarts Endpoint Source Author Journal
    Loading
    Loading
    Loading

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
    Loading
    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Substitution of toluene, xylene and naphtha as solvents for cleaning tools in garages Substituted
    • Non ionic surfactants
    General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Solvent In use — 2006 in Spain other toxic effects
    Substitution of toluene and butan-1-ol in inks for the printing of plastic bags Substituted
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol (107-98-2)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Solvent Other Full capacity — 2007 Spain other toxic effects ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Substitution of plastic paints by mineral-based paints in Metro Madrid Substituted
    • Barium sulfate (7727-43-7)
    • Quartz (14808-60-7)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Building and construction work Dye Full capacity — 2007 Spain CMR
    Substitution of plastic paints by mineral-based paints in Metro Madrid Substituted
    • Barium sulfate (7727-43-7)
    • Quartz (14808-60-7)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Other Reducing agent Germany CMR
    Fire-resistant and flame proof coating for polymeric thermoplastics and thermoset resins. Substituted
    • Ammonium polyphosphate (68333-79-9)
    • Tribetachloroethylphosphate (68411-66-5)
    • Expandable graphite
    • Dipentaerythriol (126-58-9)
    • Tripentaerythritol (78-24-0)
    • Mica, potassium aluminum silicate (12001-26-2)
    • Melamine (108-78-1)
    Building and construction work Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Flame retardant Pilot study ecotoxicity physical hazards CMR
    Substitution of toluene used as a solvent during the manufacture of sinks and other stainless-steel articles. Substituted
    • Propan-2-ol (67-63-0)
    Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Solvent In use — Spain neurotoxicant physical hazards CMR
    Extraction of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API’s) and other active organic compounds with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Health services Other Other Full capacity CMR physical hazards skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects
    Substitution of toluene, benzene and cyclohexane in the treatment of leather for footwear manufacture Substituted
    • Acetone (67-64-1)
    Non-chemical alternative Purchase of pre-tanned leather
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Solvent Tanning agent Full capacity — 2008, Spain ED skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Replacement of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, acetone and toluene by dibasic esters as cleaning solvent in a yacht company Substituted
    • Dibasic esters
    • Dimethyl glutarate (1119-40-0)
    • Dimethyl succinate (106-65-0)
    • Dimethyl adipate (627-93-0)
    Agriculture, forestry, fishery Other Cleaning agent Solvent In use CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity physical hazards
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description