Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    Toxaphene

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 5284469

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 5284469
    • CAS: 8001-35-2
    • UN NO: 2761
    • EC NO: 232-283-3
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: C=C1C(C2(C(C(C1(C2(Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)(CCl)CCl

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point Decomposes (NTP, 1992)
    Other sources (2)
    • Decomposes near boiling point — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Decomposes — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Melting Point 149 to 194 °F (EPA, 1998)
    Other sources (2)
    • 65-90 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 149-194 °F — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Flash Point 28.8889 °C
    As reported: 84 °F (EPA, 1998)
    Other sources (4)
    • 115 °C (115 °C (tag closed cup) /Toxaphene 90% soln/) — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 28.8889 °C (84 °F) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 135 °C, 275 °F (closed cup) /Chlorinated camphene 60%/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 34-46 °C (tag closed cup) /Strobane T-90/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Vapor Pressure 0.0533288 kPa
    As reported: 0.4 mmHg at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)
    Other sources (5)
    • 8.91924e-07 kPa (0.00000669 [mmHg]) — Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    • 0.0533288 kPa (0.4 mmHg) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 0.0533288 kPa ((77 °F): 0.4 mmHg) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    • 6.69X10-6 mm Hg @ 20 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 53 — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Solubility 3 mg·L⁻¹
    As reported: 3 mg/l water @ room temp
    Other sources (8)
    • less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992) — CAMEO Chemicals
    • Clear, amber-colored, and viscous liquid, mild terpene odor, specific gravity: 1.519-1.567 at 25 °C/25 °C; readily sol in most commercial organic solvents and is more sol in aromatic than in aliphatic hydrocarbons /Strobane T-90/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Freely sol in aromatic hydrocarbons — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • READILY SOL IN ORG SOLVENTS INCL PETROLEUM OILS — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • > 450 g/100 ml benzene — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • For more Solubility (Complete) data for TOXAPHENE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Solubility in water: none — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 0.0003% — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Density 1.65 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: Relative density (water = 1): 1.65
    Other sources (4)
    • 1.65 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 1.65 @ 25 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 1.65 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 1.65 — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    Partition Coefficient (LogP) 3.3
    Other sources (2)
    • 5.5 — SangsterLogP
    • The median log Kow for toxaphene is 5.90. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    		ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Due to GreenN data source limitations, there are currently no directly matched safer alternatives.
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives