|
Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications.
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Ethanol
(64-17-5)
-
Water
(7732-18-5)
-
Terpenes
-
Nitrogen
(7727-37-9)
-
Sodium carbonate
(497-19-8)
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
-
1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
(526-73-8)
Non-chemical alternative
Some of the alternatives proposed in this study are non-chemical. Among the more general solutions are the reduction of unnecessary cleaning and degreasing and sometimes even a total change in production or manufacturing procedures. Other, more specific solutions included cleaning processes using inert gas and the utilization of high performance mixture heads. In paint stripping, general chemical alternatives have been proposed, these include acidic-, or alkaline stripping, pyrolysis and fluidized bed stripping.
|
Scientific research and development Building and construction work General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of rubber products |
Solvent |
Partial capacity — Sweden |
CMR physical hazards |
|
Substitution of formaldehyde in bathroom cleaning products
|
Substituted
|
-
Sodium acetate
(127-09-3)
-
Alcohols; C12-16, ethoxylated
(68551-12-2)
-
Amides; coco, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl], alkylation products with chloroacetic acid, sodium salts
(70851-07-9)
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity — 2000 in Spain |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects |
|
Substitution of formamide with sodium hydroxide and ethanol in denaturation of DNA in the preparation of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
-
Ethanol
(64-17-5)
|
Health services |
Other |
Full capacity |
CMR |
|
Substitution of concentrated sodium hydroxide with sodium hydrogen carbonate for pH adjustment in pharmaceutical production.
|
Substituted
|
-
Sodium hydrogencarbonate
(144-55-8)
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Health services |
pH regulating agent |
Full capacity — 1990 Denmark |
skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Enzymes in pharmaceutical productions can be used for degeneration of meat and for cleaning after greasy productions as an alternative for sodium hydroxide.
|
Substituted
|
|
Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity — 1988, Denmark |
physical hazards other reasons |
|
Alternatives to hydrazine in anticorrosion treatment for boilers
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Diethylhydroxylamine
(3710-84-7)
-
Ascorbic acid
(50-81-7)
-
Carbonohydrazide
(497-18-7)
-
Sodium bisulphite
(7631-90-5)
-
Sodium sulphite
(7757-83-7)
-
Potassium hydroxide
(1310-58-3)
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
Non-chemical alternative
Physical degasification of water.
|
Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
Aerating and dearating agents Corrosion inhibitor Deodorizer Reducing agent |
In use — France |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Substitution of sulfochromatic mixtures
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Non ionic surfactants
-
Potassium hydroxide
(1310-58-3)
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
|
Scientific research and development |
Cleaning agent |
|
CMR other toxic effects neurotoxicant |
|
Substitutions performed at the National Centre for Health Data and Disease Control in Denmark (SSI)
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Acetic acid
(64-19-7)
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
-
Nigrosin (acid black 2)
(8005-03-6)
|
Health services Other |
Cleaning agent Dye |
In use |
CMR ED neurotoxicant |
|
Electrochemical method for the treatment of arsenic-containing drinking water
|
Substituted
|
Not stated
|
Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
Adsorbent |
Pilot study |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Substitution of a dish-washing compound containing Trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA salt) in a hospital
|
Used as alternative
|
-
Sodium hydroxide
(1310-73-2)
|
Other |
Cleaning agent |
Full capacity — 2012 |
CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Alternative technology for the stabilization of secondary waste sludge from waste water treatment
|
Substituted
|
Non-chemical alternative
Technology with various physical processes run concomitantly or sequentially
|
Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
Solids separation (precipitating) agent |
In use |
skin/respiratory sensitizing CMR |
|
Magnesium hydroxide as alternative to caustic soda in biological treatment of wastewater at a chicken processing plant
|
Substituted
|
-
Magnesium hydroxide
(1309-42-8)
|
Manufacture of food products Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment |
Other |
In use |
skin/respiratory sensitizing |
|
Traditional techniques as alternative to chemical sizing and retting of textiles fibres
|
Substituted
|
Non-chemical alternative
Traditional, non-chemical processing
|
Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur |
Other |
In use |
|