e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Sodium Hydroxide

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 14798

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    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 14798
    • CAS: 1310-73-2
    • UN NO: 1823
    • EC NO: 215-185-5
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: [OH-].[Na+]

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Medium
    Insufficient data
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Medium
    Insufficient data
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications. Used as alternative
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • Terpenes
    • Nitrogen (7727-37-9)
    • Sodium carbonate (497-19-8)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (526-73-8)
    Non-chemical alternative Some of the alternatives proposed in this study are non-chemical. Among the more general solutions are the reduction of unnecessary cleaning and degreasing and sometimes even a total change in production or manufacturing procedures. Other, more specific solutions included cleaning processes using inert gas and the utilization of high performance mixture heads. In paint stripping, general chemical alternatives have been proposed, these include acidic-, or alkaline stripping, pyrolysis and fluidized bed stripping.
    Scientific research and development Building and construction work General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of rubber products Solvent Partial capacity — Sweden CMR physical hazards
    Substitution of formaldehyde in bathroom cleaning products Substituted
    • Sodium acetate (127-09-3)
    • Alcohols; C12-16, ethoxylated (68551-12-2)
    • Amides; coco, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl], alkylation products with chloroacetic acid, sodium salts (70851-07-9)
    Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Cleaning agent Full capacity — 2000 in Spain CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects
    Substitution of formamide with sodium hydroxide and ethanol in denaturation of DNA in the preparation of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) Used as alternative
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Health services Other Full capacity CMR
    Substitution of concentrated sodium hydroxide with sodium hydrogen carbonate for pH adjustment in pharmaceutical production. Substituted
    • Sodium hydrogencarbonate (144-55-8)
    Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Health services pH regulating agent Full capacity — 1990 Denmark skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Enzymes in pharmaceutical productions can be used for degeneration of meat and for cleaning after greasy productions as an alternative for sodium hydroxide. Substituted
    • Alcalase
    • Lipase
    Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Cleaning agent Full capacity — 1988, Denmark physical hazards other reasons
    Alternatives to hydrazine in anticorrosion treatment for boilers Used as alternative
    • Diethylhydroxylamine (3710-84-7)
    • Ascorbic acid (50-81-7)
    • Carbonohydrazide (497-18-7)
    • Sodium bisulphite (7631-90-5)
    • Sodium sulphite (7757-83-7)
    • Potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    Non-chemical alternative Physical degasification of water.
    Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Aerating and dearating agents Corrosion inhibitor Deodorizer Reducing agent In use — France CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Substitution of sulfochromatic mixtures Used as alternative
    • Non ionic surfactants
    • Potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    Scientific research and development Cleaning agent CMR other toxic effects neurotoxicant
    Substitutions performed at the National Centre for Health Data and Disease Control in Denmark (SSI) Used as alternative
    • Acetic acid (64-19-7)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • Nigrosin (acid black 2) (8005-03-6)
    Health services Other Cleaning agent Dye In use CMR ED neurotoxicant
    Electrochemical method for the treatment of arsenic-containing drinking water Substituted Not stated Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Adsorbent Pilot study CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Substitution of a dish-washing compound containing Trisodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA salt) in a hospital Used as alternative
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    Other Cleaning agent Full capacity — 2012 CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Alternative technology for the stabilization of secondary waste sludge from waste water treatment Substituted Non-chemical alternative Technology with various physical processes run concomitantly or sequentially Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Solids separation (precipitating) agent In use skin/respiratory sensitizing CMR
    Magnesium hydroxide as alternative to caustic soda in biological treatment of wastewater at a chicken processing plant Substituted
    • Magnesium hydroxide (1309-42-8)
    Manufacture of food products Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Other In use skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Traditional techniques as alternative to chemical sizing and retting of textiles fibres Substituted Non-chemical alternative Traditional, non-chemical processing Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Other In use
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description