Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    Silica, Amorphous

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 24261

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 24261
    • CAS: 7631-86-9
    • SMILES: O=[Si]=O

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Medium
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Very High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point 2230 °C
    As reported: 4046 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
    Other sources (3)
    • 2230 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 2950 °C (2950 °C @760 [mm Hg]) — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 2230 °C (4046 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Melting Point 1710 °C
    As reported: 3110 °F (NIOSH, 2024)
    Other sources (5)
    • 1710 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 1713 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 1722 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 1710 °C (3110 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    • 1716 - 1736 °C — Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Vapor Pressure 1.33322 kPa
    As reported: 10 mm Hg @ 1732 °C
    Other sources (3)
    • 0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024) — CAMEO Chemicals
    • approx 0 mm Hg — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 0 mmHg (approx) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Solubility Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)
    Other sources (10)
    • The solubility of the various phases of silicas is very complex and depends upon several factors. Solubility increases with temperature and pH and is affected by the presence of trace metals. Particle size influences the rate of solubility. /Silica/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Silica is rather poorly soluble in water although solubility is higher for the amorphous than for the crystalline morphologies. ... The external amorphous layer in quartz is more soluble than the crystalline underlying core. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • AMORPHOUS IS SOL IN ALKALIES, ESP WHEN FINELY DIVIDED — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Practically insoluble in water or acids. Dissolves readily in HF, forming silicon tetrafluoride. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Very slightly sol in alkali. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Soluble in hot potassium hydroxide and hot sodium hydroxide solutions. Insoluble in ethanol. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Silica is rather poorly soluble in water and solubility is lower for the crystalline than for the amorphous morphologies. ...Solubility increases with temperature and pH and is affected by the presence of trace metals. Particle size influences the rate of solubility. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • The external amorphous layer in quartz (the Beilby layer) is more soluble than the crystalline underlying core. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Solubility in water: none — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • Insoluble — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Density 2.3 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: 2.3 g/cm³
    Other sources (13)
    • 2.2 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 2.2 @ 25 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 2.6 — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Colorless crystals or white powder; odorless and tasteless; density: 2.2-2.6; soluble in molten alkai when finely divided and amorphous /Silicon dioxide/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 2.20 g/cm; Refractive index = 1.459; Surface tension = 5.200 @ 298 K (calc); Thermal conductivity = 1.37 W/m-deg K at 298 deg K ; Heat of Formation = -903.2 kJ/mol at 298 deg K; Heat Capacity = 37.94 J/mol-deg K at 298 deg K; Dielectric Constant = 3.8 /Corning 7940 fused silica/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 2.648 /alpha-Quartz/ /from table/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 2.269 /alpha-Tridymite/ /from table/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 2.318 /alpha-Cristobalite/ /from table/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 2.909 /Coesite/ /from table/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Density = 4.287 /Stishovite/ /from table/ — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 2.334 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 2.2 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 2.20 — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives