Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    Phosphorus

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 5462309

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 5462309
    • CAS: 7723-14-0
    • UN NO: 2447
    • EC NO: 231-768-7
    • SMILES: [P]

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
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    High
    Insufficient data
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    Insufficient data
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
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    Insufficient data
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
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    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point 448.278 °C
    As reported: 838.9 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
    Other sources (4)
    • 280 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 280 °C (536 °F) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 280.5 °C (280.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]) — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 536 °F at 760 mmHg ; white-yellow ignites at 86 °F in moist air; red ignites at 500 °F. (EPA, 1998) — CAMEO Chemicals
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Melting Point 610 °C
    As reported: Black: Melting point = 610 °C
    Other sources (4)
    • 44.1 °C — Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
    • 44.1111 °C (111.4 °F) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 44.15 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 111.2 °F white-yellow; 1094 °F violet; 1094 °F red (EPA, 1998) — CAMEO Chemicals
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Vapor Pressure 0.00346637 kPa
    As reported: 0.026 mmHg at 68 °F White-yellow (EPA, 1998)
    Other sources (2)
    • 0.00346637 kPa (0.026 mm Hg at 20 °C) — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 0.00399966 kPa (0.03 mmHg) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Solubility Black: Insoluble in organic solvents; White: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in benzene, ethanol, and chloroform, soluble in carbon disulfide; Red: Insoluble in water and organic solvents.
    Other sources (2)
    • Solubilities in water: one part/300,000 parts water; in abs alc: one g/400 mL; in abs ether: one g/102 mL; in CHCl3: one g/40 mL; in benzene: one g/35 mL; in CS2: one g/0.8 mL. Solubility in oils: one gram phosphorus dissolves in 80 ml olive oil, 60 ml oil of turpentine, about 100 mL almond oil. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 0.33 mg/100 g water at 15 °C; 2.7 g/100 g benzene at 15 °C; 89.8 g/100 g carbon disulfide at 10 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Density 1.74 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: Density = 1.74 g/cu cm at 50 °C (liquid)
    Other sources (7)
    • 2.34 red, 2.36 violet; 2.70 black; 1.8 white-yellow (EPA, 1998) — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 2.691 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 1.83 (alpha-form); 1.88 (beta form) — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Black: Orthorhombic crystalline forms: stable in air; resembles graphite in texture; density 2.691. Does not catch fire spontaneously. Amorphous form prepared at lower pressures. At higher pressure the orthorhombic form undergoes reversible transition to a rhombohedral structure, density 3.56, and a cubic structure, density 3.83. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Red: The properties of red phosphorus are intermediate between those of the white and black forms. Density 2.34. Insoluble in organic solvents. Soluble in phosphorus tribromide. Less active than the white form; reacts only at high temperature. Yields the white modification when distilled at 290 °C. Catches fire when heated in air to about 260 °C and burns with formation of the pentoxide. Burns when heated in an atmosphere of chlorine. — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 1.82 — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 1.823 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Evaluation of halogen-free flame retardants in polypropylene formulations as alternatives to flame retardants containing halogens. Used as alternative
    • Phosphorus (red) (7723-14-0)
    • Aluminium hydroxide (21645-51-2)
    • Expandable graphite
    • Molybdates
    • Magnesium hydroxide (1309-42-8)
    • Borates
    • Organoclays
    		Building and construction work Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Scientific research and development Flame retardant Incandescent agent Luminescent agent Pilot study PBT ecotoxicity
    DecaBDE and Alternatives in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) Used as alternative
    • Phosphorus (red) (7723-14-0)
    • Melamine polyphosphate (218768-84-4)
    • Magnesium hydroxide (1309-42-8)
    • Ammonium polyphosphate (68333-79-9)
    		Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Manufacture of wood and wood products Other Flame retardant In use PBT physical hazards ecotoxicity
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives