e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 74483

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    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 74483
    • CAS: 1763-23-1
    • EC NO: 217-179-8 [1]220-527-1 [2]274-460-8 [3]249-415-0 [4]249-644-6 [5]
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F
    • This chemical is a PFAS substance

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Medium
    High
    Medium
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Very High
    Medium
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    Source: ZeroPM Alternative Assessment Database v2.0 (published 2024/04; the Flagged column is as of 2022/01)
    Alternative Type CAS Application Technical feasibility Market uptake Source
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Substitution of PFC in paper with natural greaseproof paper. Substituted Non-chemical alternative The alternative to the addition of barrier chemicals commonly used when manufacturing greaseproof paper is a non-chemical alternative called natural greaseproof paper. The cellulose fibres are heavily refined in a mechanical way. This refining creates a very dense surface layer which acts as a natural oil and grease barrier on the paper. No barrier chemical is added and the barrier comes from pure cellulose in the surface layer of the paper. Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Film former Other Full capacity — Sweden vPvB
    Mist suppression with non-PFOS (perfluoro octane sulfonate) surfactants for hard chrome plating Substituted
    • 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooctanesulphonic acid (27619-97-2)
    Non-chemical alternative Three non-chemical alternatives were tested in the study: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coated balls, a mesh or blanket placed on top of the chrome bath and prevention of air convection. For further information please see the case description.
    Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Plating agent Pilot study — 29.06.2011 CMR PBT ecotoxicity
    A new water repellent surface treatment which contain no fluorocarbons or isocyanates, to be used on textiles and other fibre-based materials. Substituted
    • Organic silicon compounds
    • Organic acid
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Finishing agents Full capacity — March 2012, Sweden CMR vPvB other toxic effects
    Potentially environmentally sounder alternatives to PFOS compounds and PFOA Substituted Non-chemical alternative The most common types of compounds used: Telomer-based compounds Silicone based compounds Aliphatic alcohols Acrylates Consult the report for further details on each alternative. Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Printing and reproduction of recorded media Other Other In use CMR other toxic effects
    A new fluorine-free (PFC-free) water-repellent for textiles Substituted
    • Functionalized polymers
    • Glycoles
    • Cationic surfactants
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Impregnation agent In use — 2013, Germany CMR other toxic effects
    Root cause investigation of PFOS contaminations in leather garments Substituted Not stated Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Other Pilot study ecotoxicity other reasons
    Substitution of a reserving agent containing APEOs used in washing process on denim Substituted
    • Cellulase (9012-54-8)
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Other In use ecotoxicity other reasons
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description