Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    cadmium (non-pyrophoric) [1]cadmium oxide (non-pyrophoric) [2]

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 23973

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 23973
    • CAS: 7440-43-9
    • UN NO: 2570
    • EC NO: 231-152-8
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: [Cd]

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
    Reset


    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point 765 °C
    As reported: 1409 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
    Other sources (4)
    • 767 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 765 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 767 °C (767 °C @760 [mm Hg]) — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 765 °C (1409 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Melting Point 320.889 °C
    As reported: 609.6 °F (NTP, 1992)
    Other sources (3)
    • 32.0691 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 321 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 321.111 °C (610 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Vapor Pressure 0.133322 kPa
    As reported: 1 mmHg at 741 °F (NTP, 1992)
    Other sources (4)
    • 0.133322 kPa (1 [mm Hg] @394 °C) — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • VP: 1 Pa at 257 °C (sublimes); 10 Pa at 310 °C (sublimes); 100 Pa at 381 °C; 1 kPa at 472 °C; 10 kPa at 594 °C; 100 kPa at 767 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • VP: 2.8X10-4 Pa at 400 K; 18.3 Pa at 600 K — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 0 mmHg (approx) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Solubility Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)
    Other sources (3)
    • Insoluble in water — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Solubility in water: none — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • Insoluble — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Density 8.69 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: 8.69 g/cu cm at 25 °C
    Other sources (4)
    • 8.6 g·cm⁻³ (8.6 g/cm³) — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 8.642 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 8.69 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 8.65 (metal) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Lithium Ion battery for portable defibrillators Substituted
    • Lithium (7439-93-2)
    		Health services Semiconductor and photovoltaic agent In use — Dutch producer . International distribution of its products CMR physical hazards ecotoxicity
    Practical guide for the substitution of hazardous chemicals by less harmful substances in industrial facilities. Substituted Not stated Other Other CMR neurotoxicant skin/respiratory sensitizing physical hazards
    Environmentally friendly PVC-Stabilisation using synthetic hydrotalcites Substituted
    • Hydrotalcite, synthetic (11097-59-9)
    		Building and construction work Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Stabilizing agent In use — 2000 in Germany CMR other toxic effects ecotoxicity
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives