Searching, Assessment, and Screening system for safer alternative chemicals

Searching, assessment, and screening system for safer alternative chemicals, GreenN (Green Next)

    e.g.

    Mercury

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 23931

    Risk Level Help

    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 23931
    • CAS: 7439-97-6
    • UN NO: 2809
    • EC NO: 231-106-7
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: [Hg]

    Hazard Assessment Overview Help

    Hazard Sunburst Chart Legend

    Hazard Assessment Summary Table Help CSV format XLSX format
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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    High
    Medium
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

    1. Substructure Alerts
    2. Similarity Alerts
    3. Read-Across
    4. Classification Models

    SMARTS Pattern Endpoint Source Author Journal Reference
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    Physical and Chemical Properties

    Property Value Source
    Boiling Point 357.222 °C
    As reported: 675 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
    Other sources (5)
    • 356.73 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • 357 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 130 °C (266 °F) — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 356.7 °C (356.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]) — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 356.667 °C (674 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Melting Point -38.8889 °C
    As reported: -38 °F (USCG, 1999)
    Other sources (4)
    • -38.87 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • -39 °C — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • -38.9 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • -38.8889 °C (-38 °F) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Vapor Pressure 0.000159986 kPa
    As reported: 0.0012 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)
    Other sources (5)
    • 0.000266644 kPa (0.002 [mmHg]) — Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
    • 0.000159986 kPa (0.0012 mmHg) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    • 2X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.26 — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • depends upon the specific compound — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    		CAMEO Chemicals
    Solubility 2.7 mg·L⁻¹
    As reported: 2.7 MG/L IN PENTANE
    Other sources (6)
    • Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024) — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 0.28 umoles/l of water at 25 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • SOL IN NITRIC ACID; INSOL IN THE FOLLOWING: DILUTE HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HYDROGEN BROMIDE, HYDROGEN IODIDE, COLD SULFURIC ACID — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • DISSOLVES TO SOME EXTENT IN LIPIDS — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Solubility in water: none — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • Insoluble — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    Density 13.5 g·cm⁻³
    As reported: 13.5 g/cm³
    Other sources (6)
    • 13.55 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink — CAMEO Chemicals
    • 13.534 @ 25 °C — Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
    • Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.009 — ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
    • 13.55 — Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
    • 13.5336 @25 °C — PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
    • 13.6 (metal) — The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
    		ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

    Source: PubChem

    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Download: CSV format XLSX format
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Download: SCIL (CSV) SCIL (XLSX) ZeroPM PFAS (CSV) ZeroPM PFAS (XLSX) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (CSV) SUBSPORT+ case alternatives (XLSX)
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Mercury Assessment and Elimination in Health Care Facilities Substituted
    • Tungsten (7440-33-7)
    • Dichlorozinc (7646-85-7)
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Aneroide barometer instead of mercury barometers     		Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Other In use — 1999-2000 in USA neurotoxicant other toxic effects
    Alternatives to mercury in thermometers and sphygmomanometers Substituted Non-chemical alternative Aneroid and oscillometric devices Health services Filler CMR ecotoxicity
    Alternatives to devices containing mercury in health care Substituted
    • Tungsten (7440-33-7)
    Non-chemical alternative Digital, electronic and mechanical devices     		Health services Filler CMR ecotoxicity
    Proactive restriction of Mercury (Hg) on all newly designed Dell notebooks and displays Substituted Non-chemical alternative A change of technology from Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) to Light Emitting Diode (LED) Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Luminescent agent newly designed notebooks since 2010 CMR other toxic effects ecotoxicity physical hazards
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description

    Contents

    1. Risk Level
    2. Chemical Substance Information
    3. Hazard Assessment Overview
    4. Hazard Assessment Summary Table
    5. Hazard Diagnostic Modules
    6. Safer Alternatives