e.g. Benzene, DEHP, 71-43-2, BPA, phthalate

    Methylene Chloride

    Chemical structure of PubChem CID 6344

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    Chemical Substance Information

    • PubChem CID: 6344
    • CAS: 75-09-2
    • UN NO: 1593
    • EC NO: 200-838-9
    • Safety Data Sheet: Link
    • SMILES: C(Cl)Cl

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    Assessment Type Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Developmental Toxicity Endocrine Disruption
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    Medium
    Medium
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Toxicity Systemic Toxicity - Single Dose Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Dose Neurotoxicity - Single Dose Skin Sensitization Respiratory Sensitization Skin Irritation Eye Irritation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very High
    High
    Medium
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity
    Hazard Assessment Level
    High
    High
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    Assessment Type Persistence Bioaccumulation
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Very High
    Very Low
    Assessment Type Reactivity Flammability
    Hazard Assessment Level
    Insufficient data
    for classification
    Insufficient data
    for classification
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    Hazard Diagnostic Modules

    The Hazard Diagnostic Module consists of the following four computational chemistry methods. The predicted toxicity alerts are for reference only and should be evaluated together with other available data.

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    Safer Alternatives

    Safer alternatives are referenced from current safer chemical databases and software logic, divided into the following three categories:

    1. The system compiles industrial uses of chemicals from the US EPA ChemView database and integrates them with the US EPA Safer Chemical Ingredients to create a safer alternatives list for each chemical. Chemicals may have multiple industrial uses, so the system uses an accordion-style display. Click the 'Suggested Safer Alternatives' tab to expand the table. If the use is broad (e.g., 'Commercial use'), the list may include more specific uses (e.g., 'Solvent'). If no information is available, refer to 'By Industrial Use (Full List)' for manual filtering.
    2. Categorized by industrial use (full list). This list contains safer chemicals for industrial uses, not necessarily replacements for the chemical on this page. You may filter by industrial use via the search bar at the top right of this tab, e.g., filter by 'Antioxidants'. Source: Safer Chemical Ingredients List
    3. Categorized by structural similarity, requiring:
      • Find chemicals with similar functional groups based on structural similarity (Tanimoto coefficient ≥ 0.8), likely having similar functions.
      • Chemicals identified as lower risk by risk assessment, such as level 3, level 4, or insufficient data.
      Practical substitution feasibility still requires domain knowledge and reference to physicochemical properties. For insufficient data (U), it means current hazard and risk assessment information is limited; thus, selection should be cautious and toxicology studies should be reviewed.
    4. Based on real-world case studies. Source: OECD SAAT

    Based on substructure, the system lists chemicals with risk levels 3 (usable but safer alternatives may be sought), 4 (safer chemicals), or insufficient data (U: not enough data to determine risk level). Information

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes

    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Risk Level Data Source Notes
    Name CAS Industrial Use Safety Notes
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    This chemical is not listed in the ZeroPM PFAS alternative assessment database.
    SUBSPORT+ substitution case stories

    Real-world substitution cases involving this chemical, from the SUBSPORT+ case story database (English records).

    Case Role of this chemical Alternative Sector Function Implementation Reason for substitution
    Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications. Substituted
    • Ethanol (64-17-5)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • Terpenes
    • Nitrogen (7727-37-9)
    • Sodium carbonate (497-19-8)
    • Sodium hydroxide (1310-73-2)
    • 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene (526-73-8)
    Non-chemical alternative Some of the alternatives proposed in this study are non-chemical. Among the more general solutions are the reduction of unnecessary cleaning and degreasing and sometimes even a total change in production or manufacturing procedures. Other, more specific solutions included cleaning processes using inert gas and the utilization of high performance mixture heads. In paint stripping, general chemical alternatives have been proposed, these include acidic-, or alkaline stripping, pyrolysis and fluidized bed stripping.
    Scientific research and development Building and construction work General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Manufacture of rubber products Solvent Partial capacity — Sweden CMR physical hazards
    Practical guide for the substitution of hazardous chemicals by less harmful substances in industrial facilities. Substituted Not stated Other Other CMR neurotoxicant skin/respiratory sensitizing physical hazards
    Dimethyl sulfoxide as alternative solvent Substituted Not stated Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) Manufacture of fine chemicals Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Building and construction work Solvent In use CMR sensitizing
    Infrared paint stripper used as alternative to chemical stripping Substituted Non-chemical alternative Infrared paint stripper Building and construction work Cleaning agent In use — 2010, Romania CMR
    Substitution of dichloromethane in the analysis of pesticide residue Substituted
    • Cyclohexane (110-82-7)
    Agriculture, forestry, fishery Manufacture of food products Scientific research and development Solvent ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Use of carbon dioxide as alternative for caffeine extraction Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Manufacture of food products Other In use CMR neurotoxicant
    Facade cleaning using dry ice blasting for monument restoration in Prague Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Building and construction work Cleaning agent In use — Prague CMR
    Paint stripping of dashboards Substituted
    • Benzyl alcohol (100-51-6)
    • Formic acid (64-18-6)
    General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Solvent In use — 2005 in Germany CMR
    Pressurised water as alternative to cleaning of rotary screen in the textile sector Substituted
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Non-chemical alternative Pressurised water cleaning machine.
    Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur Cleaning agent Other Full capacity — 2000 CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Extraction of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API’s) and other active organic compounds with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Substituted
    • Carbon dioxide (124-38-9)
    Health services Other Other Full capacity CMR physical hazards skin/respiratory sensitizing other toxic effects
    Enzymatic processes versus chemical processes in the preparation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid Substituted
    • Ammonia, anhydrous (7664-41-7)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    • Biocatalyst
    Non-chemical alternative Enzymatic processes
    Health services Scientific research and development Other In use CMR neurotoxicant other toxic effects ecotoxicity
    Substitution of a hydrocarbon-based anti-adherent used in industrial welding Substituted
    • Oleic acid (112-80-1)
    • Water (7732-18-5)
    Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment Other Full capacity — 2010, Spain CMR
    Alternative to dichloromethane in graffiti and paint stripping Substituted
    • Dimethyl succinate (106-65-0)
    • Dimethyl glutarate (1119-40-0)
    • Dimethyl adipate (627-93-0)
    Building and construction work Other Other In use CMR
    Replacement of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, acetone and toluene by dibasic esters as cleaning solvent in a yacht company Substituted
    • Dibasic esters
    • Dimethyl glutarate (1119-40-0)
    • Dimethyl succinate (106-65-0)
    • Dimethyl adipate (627-93-0)
    Agriculture, forestry, fishery Other Cleaning agent Solvent In use CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing ecotoxicity physical hazards
    Cleaning after polymerisation of acrylate plastic. Substituted Non-chemical alternative Pressurised hot water. Ethyl acetate is now only used, but in minor amounts. Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion Cleaning agent Other In use — 2004 Denmark CMR skin/respiratory sensitizing physical hazards neurotoxicant
    Ethyl lactate and methyl soyate as bio based alternatives to chlorinated and other petroleum based solvents Substituted
    • Ethyl L-lactate (687-47-8)
    • Soy bean methyl ester (67784-80-9)
    Other Cleaning agent Plating agent Solvent In use physical hazards neurotoxicant CMR ED skin/respiratory sensitizing
    Substitution of methylene chloride as cleaning agent in a company producing construction chemicals Substituted
    • Dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5)
    • γ-Butyrolactone (96-48-0)
    • 2-Ethylhexyl acetate (103-09-3)
    Building and construction work Cleaning agent Pilot study CMR
    OECD SAAT alternative case studies

    Full list of OECD SAAT case studies (not filtered by chemical).

    Case Study Name Link Publish Date Publishing Organization Related Products Description